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Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs

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  • General publications
  • Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs

ECoSR 2027: Guides for Applicants

  • Report
  • Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs

Article 24 Reports: ECOS

  • Presentation
  • Directorate-General for Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs

ECoSR multipliers toolkit

  • Report
  • William Connell García, Giuseppe Mangione

The analysis shows that firm-level uncertainty, measured using company earnings calls, closely follows well-known macroeconomic indicators while also offering deeper insights into how uncertainty affects businesses.